Apple trees, like many perennial plants, endure a prolonged juvenile stage before reaching maturity, during which they experience complex developmental changes. These transitions impact photosynthetic ...

The area under apple cultivation has expanded substantially over the decades, rising from 400 hectares in 1950-51 to 1,16,338 hectares in 2024-25. An additional 27,386 hectares are under stone fruit ...

The apple industry faces the challenge of genetic uniformity, with a few dominant cultivars narrowing the genetic base. This reduction in diversity, exacerbated by the unpredictable impacts of climate ...

Fungal pathogens represent a persistent threat to global apple production, exploiting the delicate balance between host susceptibility, environmental conditions and orchard management. Key agents such ...

When you're snacking on apples, you expect them to fragment with a loud crunch, the flavors to explode in your mouth, and for the delectable juices to run down your chin. If your local supermarket's ...

Woolly apple aphids are destructive pests, threatening South Africa’s apple-growing industry. Westend61/Getty Images Gardeners the world over dread the appearance of aphids on their plants. There are ...