Figure 1: First-order Markov dynamics distort real constraints on flow. Although we considered passengers moving between cities in this illustration, we have analysed six diverse systems in detail, ...

A Markov-modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) is a Poisson process that has its parameter controlled by a Markov process. These arrival processes are typical in communications modeling where time-varying ...

There’s an odd little trick to how AI programs, including large language models such as ChatGPT, learn and make decisions. The oddest thing about it is that it can be traced to a Russian born in 1856.