A new tripartite division of Ptolemaic history challenges the idea of gradual decline, and emphasizes the reshaping of military structures that took place between c.220 and c.160 BC in response to ...

The Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires are usually studied separately ... and adaptation of political, economic, military and ideological power within these states in formation. The two states, conceived ...

The Ptolemaic army was odd in that, out of all the Hellenistic armies, it was the only army where you could find Romans in Greek service. As Sekunda suggests 'such individuals would have spread ...

The Seleucid Empire was one of the successor states that emerged after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC.

Against the centuries of military conflict, Eastern Mediterranean trade flourished; despite the wars, Ptolemaic Egypt and the other Hellenistic kingdoms achieved high if concentrated levels of ...

Looking back at the entire history of the world is hardly an easy feat. How could a person possibly round up the most famous ...

they were incorporated into the military as the ancient equivalent of tanks. (Acquisition and transportation of elephants is discussed at length in chapter 4.) Although the Ptolemaic rulers were also ...

As Rome overtook the Ptolemaic system in place for areas of Egypt ... for administrative purposes into a number of smaller provinces, and separate civil and military officials were established; the ...

Caesar’s combination of wealth and military clout struck fear and loathing ... Little knowing she would become the last of the Ptolemaic monarchs who had ruled Egypt since the time of Alexander ...

Cleopatra Syra took the measure of the Ptolemaic court and adapted to its ... The extent to which she was aware of her father ...

Against the centuries of military conflict, Eastern Mediterranean trade flourished; despite the wars, Ptolemaic Egypt and the other Hellenistic kingdoms achieved high if concentrated levels of ...