Optical waves propagating through air or multi-mode fiber can be patterned or decomposed using orthogonal spatial modes, with far-ranging applications in imaging, communication, and directed energy.

Toward developing chip-integrated and miniaturized nanophotonic devices, the incorporation of metasurfaces onto optical waveguides has attracted widespread attention as a compact platform for ...

Electromagnetic wave multiplexing, especially for that occurring at different incidences (spatial-frequency multiplexing), is pivotal for ultrathin multifunctional interfaces and high-capacity ...

There are many interesting fluidic phenomena with vortex structures in nature, like tornado, whirlpool and backwash. As a counterpart in wave system, the acoustic vortex can also hold the profile of ...