The historical partnership between Germany and Turkey is arguably the most paradoxical, if unavoidable, in modern Europe.

A History of Bookselling From the Dawn of Print to the 21st Century by Andrew Pettegree reveals the hard graft and innovation ...

The Men of the French Directory, 1795-9 by Biancamaria Fontana sets the record straight on the French Revolution’s great ...

The Rise and Fall of American Europe by Glyn Morgan finds a continent powerless before a capricious United States. Is it too ...

The consequences of Carthusian defiance showed the brutality of the dissolution of the monasteries.

The column reached Red Square on 22 August, 84 days after departing, and laid flowers at the Kremlin wall. The riders ...

The painting that inspired Shelley and Stendahl is thought to be of a young woman executed on 11 September 1599 for the murder of her father. ‘Portrait of Beatrice Cenci’ (detail), attributed to ...

The first military observation balloon was deployed as early as June 1794 in the Battle of Fleurus, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. It was the experience of ascending in just such a balloon in ...

During the immediate aftermath of the First World War, G.M. Trevelyan was an impressive, though characteristically modest and unassuming, figure in the small Hertfordshire community where he had at ...

New York City started its glittering history in a modest way as the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam. The story begins in 1609 when Henry Hudson, an English sea captain working for Dutch merchants, ...

Wild celebrations erupted in Washington DC on Saturday, September 7th 1850, when the Bill which made California the thirty-first state of the United States was passed by the House of Representatives.

Poor and small, Portugal was at the edge of late medieval Europe. But its seafarers created the age of ‘globalisation’, which continues to this day. In the dying years of the 15th century Portugal ...