Lieber Institute for Law & Land WarfareOpinion

GC IV Commentary Series – On Interpretive Methodology

In its recently updated commentary of Geneva Convention IV, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) explains the ...
Lieber Institute for Law & Land Warfare

GC IV Commentary Series – The Prohibition of Deportation and Forcible Transfer

This post explores the meaning of forcible displacement and the temporal applicability of Article 49 of GC IV.
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GC IV Commentary Series – The Prohibition of Deportation and Forcible Transfer

GC IV Commentary Series – Introduction Editors’ note: Sean Watts, co-author of this post, served on the Reading Committee that advised production of the ICRC’s Commentary on the Fourth Geneva ...
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GC IV Commentary Series – Article 23 and Humanitarian Relief: What’s Right, What’s Left Unclear

Editors’ note: The following series considers ICRC’s 2025 updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention. Rosa-Lena Lauterbach, Liisi Adamson, and Sean Watts’s introduction to the series is ...
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GC IV Commentary Series – Individualization in Civilian Internment Decisions

Editors’ note: The following series considers ICRC’s 2025 updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention. Rosa-Lena Lauterbach, Liisi Adamson, and Sean Watts’s introduction to the series is ...
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The “Obligation” of States to Call for the Respect of IHL in Case of Violations

There are two bases in international law under which there is a discussion of an obligation of States to intervene and to call for the respect of international humanitarian law (IHL) rules in face of ...
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Ukraine Symposium – International Law in the Crucible of Conflict, Volume 2

The second volume of Ukraine Symposium: International Law in the Crucible of Conflict was published on 14 September 2026.
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Lieber Studies Non-State Actor Attribution Volume Series – Defining an “Insurrectional Movement”

Lieber Studies Non-State Actor Attribution Volume Series – Defining an “Insurrectional Movement” Editors’ note: This post appears as an entry in a series dedicated to Dr Jennifer Maddocks’ monograph, ...
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Lieber Studies Non-State Actor Attribution Volume Series – The Customary Law Status and Relevance of the Attribution Rule in Article 11 ARSIWA

Editors’ note: This post appears as an entry in a series dedicated to Dr Jennifer Maddocks’ monograph, Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct during Armed Conflict, appearing in the Lieber Studies ...
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GC IV Commentary Series – Introduction

Editors’ note: Sean Watts, co-author of this post, served on the Reading Committee that advised production of the ICRC’s Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention and co-authored two entries in it.